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Imew Xsóbmbncpóp. [mÀ½nIXbpw [À §sf¦nepw C³Uy³ XpdapJ§fnð \nóv
½t_m[hpsaó AdnhpIÄ Aóv C³Uy {_n«Wnte¡p s]mbvs¡mïncpóp.
bpsS am{Xw kz´ambncpóp. \mSp `cn¨ Zpcm{KlnIfmb ss¢hpw, hmd³ tlÌnw
cmPm¡³òmÀt]mepw P\§fpsS Zmkòm Kvkpw Uðluknbpsams¡ C³Uysb Du
cmbncpóp Hcp ]cn[nhsc. än¸ngnªp. Fón«pw C³Uy £bn¨nñ. A
B [À½ imkv{X¯nsâ iàamb km Xn\p ap³]v Ggp \qämïv Imew Atd_y,
ón²yambncpóp, kzm[o\ambncpóp A¡m SÀ¡n, at[yjy, A^vKm\nØm³, t]Àjy
es¯ cmPy¯nsâ Gähpw henb k¼ó XpS§nb cmPys¯ B{IaWImcnIÄ ]e
XbpsS Icp¯v. temI Dð]mZ\¯nsâ Ccp XhW C³Uysb sImÅbSn¨p. Xp¥¡p
]¯n\mev iXam\w Dð]mZn¸n¡m³ Ign Ifpw JnðPnIfpw tem[nIfpw Hs¡¡qSn
ª C³Uy Aóv temI¯v AP¿iàn C³Uy³ k¼ZvhyhØbpsS \s«sñmSn¨p.
bmbncpóp. Fón«pw C³Uy XIÀónñ. ImcWw
apÉow B{IaW¯nsâ kw`mh\ [À kXy¯n\v Fópw Hcp apJtabpÅpsbó
½m[njvTnXamb Cu kmaqly hyhØsb Xv Xncn¨dnª GIkaqlamWn´ysbópw
]msS X¨pS¨p FóXmWv. C³Uy³ bmYmÀ EtKzZ¯nse cïp hcnIÄ {]kàamWn
°y§Ä Xncn¨dnbm³ IgnbmXncpó B{I hnsS
aWImcnIfmb B `cWm[nImcnIÄ cmPy
s¯ IogS¡nsb¦nepw Ncn{X \oXnsb \n "GIw kXv hn{]l
tj[n¨psh¦nepw AhcpsS ]n³apd¡mÀ _lpZm hZ´n'
AXn\psImSpt¡ïn hó hne hfsc hep “truth is one, but the wise men
Xmbncpóp. speak it as many”
kpJtemep]\mbncpó jmPlmsâ cïp Cóv \mw {_n«ojvImc³ ChnsS Ah
v
]p{Xòmsc h[n¨n«v CfbaI³ HudwKko_ tijn¸n¨n«v t]mb \oXnimkv{X¯nsâ
A[nImcw IhÀsóSp¡póXv jmPlm³ NpcpfpIÄ¡nSbnemWv. Xpcp¼p ]nSn¨ sX-
\nÊlmbXtbmsS t\m¡n\nóp. 1707þð fnhv \nba§Ä (evidence act) hfs¨mSn¨v
HudwKko_v acn¨t¸mÄ \mep a¡Ä A[n kmaqly\oXn A{]m]yam¡pó \oXn im-
Imc¯n\pthïn ]nSnhen \S¯n. HSphnð kv{Xw C³UybpsS AdnhpIÄ¡\pkrXam-
aqóma³ BZys¯ cïpt]scbpw h[n¨n«v thï Imeamhpóp.
A[nImcw ]nSns¨Sp¯p. KmÔnPn ]dªXnhnsStbmÀ¡mw "\oXn
AbmÄ 1712 ð acn¨t¸mÄ AbmfpsS HtóbpÅp. \nba§Ä ]eXmhmw. ]t£
\mep]p{XòmÀ Ielw XpS§n. BZys¯ \oXnsb \ntj[n¡pó \nba§Ä ewLn
aqópt]À sImñs¸«p. \mema³ PlµÀjm t¨]äq'. AP´bpw X£inebpw temI¯n
A[nImctaäp. XmaknbmsX Abmsf Hcp \p sImSp¯Xv C³UybpsS [À½imkv{X
ap³ N{IhÀ¯nbpsS aI³ sImes¸Sp¯n ambncpóp. AhbpsS Øm\¯v C\nbpw
Itkc ssIhis¸Sp¯n XpSÀóv B ]c temI IemimeIÄ Dbcm³ kabambn.
¼cbnse Ahkm\ IncoSmhImin Um¡ bpK[À½sas´ódnbpó im´nKncnbne
bnse sXcphpIfnencpóp sNcp¸pIp¯n ñmsX asähnsSbmWXpïmhpI.
bpsS tPmen sNbvXp.
adm¯ hwihpw apKÄ hwihpw A[:] "The first human who hurled an insult
Xn¡pó ]Ým¯eamWv Cw¥ojpImÀ¡v instead of a stone was the founder of civiliza-
ChnsS ISóp hcm³ CSbm¡nbXv. XpSÀóv tion.''
13000 Znhk§Ä \oï {_n«ojv B[n]Xy (sigmund freud)"
¡me¯v Znhkhpw Hmtcm I¸ð km[\
im´nKncn sk]väw_À 2019 38
